Territory



(No Model.) I 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. YOUNGn. STEAM GENERATING AND HEATING APPARATUS.

N0. 358,824. Patente gYMar. l, 1887.

Wmmst$ (No Model.) 2 Sheets -sheet 2. H. M. YOUNG.

STEAM GENERATING AND HEATING APPARATUS.

No. 858,824. I Patented Mar. 1, 1887. A

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HENRYMASON YOUNG, OF MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNOE TO \VILBUE F. STEELE, OF STEELE, DAKOTA TERRITORY.

STEAM GENERATING AND HEATING APPARATUS.

:ZPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No 358,824. dated March 1, 1887.

Ap licntion tiled January A5, 1837. Serial No. 225.468. (No model.)

T0 to whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY MASON YOUNG, a citizen of the United States, residing at Minneapolis, in the county of Hennepin and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Lighting Cars and other Structures, and for Cutting off the Heat and Extinguishing the Lights, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an apparatus for generating heat in cars and other structures by hydrocarbonsgas, vapor-fuel, and steam or water; and it consists in the construction, arrangement, and adaptation of the apparatus and its several parts, which will be more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

One object of my invention is to provide simple and effective means for supplying fuel to cars and other structures in a compact form, so that it can be readily and easily handled and safely and securely stored and employed.

A further object of my invention is to provide a cheap and effective apparatus for utilizing such fuel in generating heat, and for distributing and employing the same where de sired.

A further object of my invention is to provide means for controlling and regulating the heat thus generated, and, when necessary, stop its production instantly by positive means, or by means set in operation by a collision, orany extraordinary concussion of the cars with other cars or objects.

A further objectof my invention is to provide means for extinguishing the lamps or other lights used in cars and other structures instantly by positive means, when desired or by means set in operation by a collision or any accident to the cars.

A further object of my invention is to pro ride for the location of or removal to a safe distance of the fuelsupply in case of an acci dent or any extraordinary concussion of the cars.

The principal object of my invention is to provide an apparatus by which cars and other structures where itis used maybe kept at any required degree of heat in any climate, and thereby rendered comfortable and enjoyable,

and in caseofaccident or collision, when human life is endangered or the destruction of property made probable, the production of such heat will be instantly cut off, the supply of fuel re moved, thelights, if any, extinguished, and all danger by burning and consequent loss of life and property prevented and obviated.

I am aware that cars and other structures have been heated by steam and by water by passing the same through coils of pipes within and around the interior of the same, but, so far as I know, with only partial success and at great cost and expense and withoutproviding for the safety and security of the lives of the passengers and occupants or the protection of property.

The object and purposes above set forth, as well as the difficulties, insuftit-iencies, and defects in the apparatus heretofore used, I have accomplished and overcome by the apparatus hereinafter described, and illustrated in the drawings forming a part of my specification, in which like letters of reference refer to similar parts, and in which Figure 1 is an elevation of a portion of a passenger-coach with my improved apparatus arranged therein. Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view of my heat-generating apparatus. Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2. enlarged sectional detail view of the device for charging the liquid fuel-holding reservoir. Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of the automatic detachable self-closing valves of the liquid-fuelholding reservoir. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the coupling head of the fuel-supply pipe detached.

I shall first describe my apparatus and its operation when water is used as the heat-conducting medium.

A represents the floor, A the body, and A the roof, of the car, of the ordinary construction.

In one corner of the car, or at any other co11- venient point near the floor, is set a hollow Fig. 4 is an steam and water tight vessel, B, from which the branch, 13, in a substantially horizontal line to another upright section, B",and from thence downward to the main radiator coil or other 55 and is not liable to become dis-arranged.

phere in the coach.

means for-imparting the heat to the atmos Any form of radiatorcoil or other means may be employed to impart the heat to the surrounding atmosphere, being modified according to the location and uses of the apparatus; but generally a simple system of sinuous coils beneath the seats will be used when the apparatus is used in passengencoaehes, these coils being indicated in Fig. 1 by pipes B At the extremity of the system of piping, or at the fart-best point from the generating apparatus, the piping is led into a return-pipe, B", which is led back to and connected into the bottom of the generating-vessel B, as-

shown, thus completing the circuit ot the piping. The two sections B B are connected at one or more points between the generatingvessel B and the branch B by one or more cross-branches, B and a feed-pipe, B, will be connected into the system at any suitable point to enable the necessary water to be supplied tht-reto.

The portion of the apparatus comprised in the sections ot'the piping B B B B is a very important feature of the apparatus, as an aircushion is formed in the pipes B B B above the water-line, (indicated by the dotted line a in Fig. 1,) which is broughtin through pipe B and by means of such air-cushion the necessary circulation of the water is secured in the pipes and coils. When the water becomes heated in the generating-vessel B, it rises in the pipe B, compresses the air in the sections B B B above the waterline, and assists the water to be forced over through the branches B into the sections B" B, and thence return through the pipe B to the generator B. By this simple arrangement it'is possible to construct an apparatus with the radiators or coils at or near the level of'the generator or source of water-supply, which is a very great advantage under any circumstances, especially in passenger-coaches, where it is not convenient to place the generator below the flooring. The location of the generator is thus made inde pendent ofthe position of the radiators, which may be placed above or below the generator, theair-cushion in the piping B B B being sufficienlly compressed to assist the water to be forced through the piping and circulate through them. The circulation isthus due to the opposing action of the expanded or heated water and the compressed air, which makes the apparatus more certain in its operation,

Another very important advantage is that the circulation is secured by the closed sys tem of piping, thereby avoiding the necessity of exposing the hot water in open tanks or passing it through traps or other apparatus, where alarge amount of the heat is lost by radiation.

Generally only one of the branches B will be in operation and required; but two or more will be placed in the system as a precaution and to insure the apparatus against accidental obstruction.

The generator consists of a fiat oval-shaped castmetal chamber, into the top of which the pipe B is fitted, and into the bottom of which the return-main B is led.

In Fig. 2 the generator is shown with a series of pins inserted or cast into it and projecting upward into its interior and downward outside of the same,the function of these pins being to conduct the heat through the wall of the generator and impart it more freely to the water therein than the same degree of heat would be imparted thereto by the main walls of the generator.

When applied to arailway passengcncoach, the fuel used to generate theheat in the system will usually be some form of the hydrocarbons, and an approved form of apparatus for utilizing such fuel is shown in the drawings.

D representsa large hydrocarbon-burner having an inclosed chamber, 6, surrounding the central tube,e beneath which small burner D is placed. The hydrocarbon is supplied by a feed-pipe, d, to the inclosed chamber 6, in which it is vaporized by the heat from the burners D D and from thence passes by a pipe, 61 in the form of inflammable gas or vapor. The small burner D is connected to the pipe (1 by a short branch, d in which avalve, d, is placed to shut off the supply of the gas. The branch pipe d" is smaller than pipe d, as only a small amount of gas is required to pass to the burners D D", orjust sufficient to supply them, the greater bulk of the gas passing to the large burner D beneath the generator B. The functions of the burners D D are merely to vaporize the hydrocarbon to supply the large operative burner D, so that theliquid hydrocarbon is not exposed to the flame at any time, but is vaporized at a point entirely dis tinct from the main burner D and at a safe distance from its flame.

The pipe d is not connected directly to the burner D", but ends at d in a short contracted nozzle opposite theflaringendd oftheentrance to the burner D, so that the vapor is compressed by the nozzle and passes to the burner D with considerable force, carrying a large amount of air with it, which enters at thegap between the nozzle (1 and the flaring end (1", thereby adding to the inliammability and heatproduciug power of the gas.

The generator B, burners D D D, and the pipes d d d" will be supported by any suitable .frame-work or stand, and may be surrounded by a casing of any suitable material, these parts not being shown in the drawings, as they form no part of the invention, and are not necessary to its operation.

The tank E, for holding the supplyof hydrocarbon, will be connected to the end of the pipe d,at a point sufficiently above the burner D to insure the necessary head to supply the liquid, and when the apparatus is used on passenger coaches the tank will be made spherical in form and set upon the roof A and connected to the pipe d by a detachablejoint, so that in event of an accident the tank will become detached from the coach and roll off, as hereinafter described;

In Figs. 5 and 6 the manner of forming the detachable connection between the tank E and the pipe (1 is shown. The tank E is supplied with a valve, g, adapted to be seated on aseat, F, by a spring, 9, from the inside, so that when closed the contents of the tank will not flow out. The end of the pipe (1 next to the tank E is provided with an enlarged head, F containing a valve, 9, adapted. to be closed from the inside bya spring, g", so that when closed the contents ofthe pipe cannot ilow out. The contiguous surfaces of the parts F F are fitted closely, so that when placed togetherthe joint between them will fit tight, and a rubber gasket or other suitable packing will be placed between them to render thejoint liquidtight.

Upon one side of the edge of the head F two small lugs, h h", (see Fig. 6,) are formed, and on the other side of the head a lever, h is pivoted, having its upper end, h, formed to correspond to the lugs h h, the end of the lever h projecting over the edge of the part F, which is made slightly angular,and thus holding the two parts F F locked together so long as the lower end of the lever h is pressed outward, but may be detached by pulling the le ver inward and downward by the cord 2 It will thus be readily seen that if the lever h" be pulled downward the tank E will be left resting only upon the small joint F F, and will roll off from the car by a sufficient jar.

Attached to the body of the car at any convenient point is a small bracket, H, havinga small hollow socket, H", upon which a heavy metal ball, K, rests loos ly, and is connected by a cord or chain, i, to the end of the lever h, the ball K being so poised upon thebracket H that any sufficient jar will displace the hall and cause it to fall and pull the lever h release the tank and leave it free to roll off and away from the car, and avoid the danger of the leakage of the hydrocarbon in event of accidents. The two valves 01 d are also connected by a cord or chain, i to the ball K, so that the falling of the vball will shut off the supply of the gas to the burners, and thus avoid danger of fire from that source. By these simple arrangements, in event of an accident, the concussion will throw the ball K from the bracket and disconnect the joint F F", and leave the tank E free to roll off from the car and away from danger of the contents of the tank being ignited and endangering the lives of the passengers.

The tank E, being spherical,will readily roll out of the way when detached, and the spherical form of the tank is an important advantage.

The valves 9 g are provided with stems fig projecting toward each other, and of a proper length to come in contact and force both valves open, as in Fig. 5, when thejoints F F are in contact, so that the flow of the liquid is unobstructed when thejointis intact, but release the valves and allow the springs to seat the same immediately upon the disengagement of the parts, and thus prevent the escape of the liquid when the tank is released by the dropping of the ball K, as before described.

The stem ot' the valve 1 is continued downward into the pipe (1, and is provided with a plunger, 5/", partially filling the piped, the function of this plunger being to form a sudden suction upward in the pipe (1 when the tank E is disconnected, to cause a sudden backward draft upon the liquid and gas in the burners, and thus suddenly extinguishing the burners.

Any sudden back-suction upon the liquid or gas will produce a slight vacuum in the burn ers, and will instantly extinguish them.

The tank E is provided on the side opposite to the valve 9 with another valve, a, seated from the interior of the tank, to prevent the escape of the liquid, and provided with a stem, a adapted to project upward into a screwsocket, if, as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 4 represents the discharge end of a supply can or tank, M, from which the tank E is to be supplied, and is provided with a screwplug, t, adapted to be screwed into the socket a.

t is avalve in the fillingcan M, seated from the interior, and provided with a stem, 5, the

two stems a t being adapted to come in contact and press the two valves n" and 1? open when the plug it is screwed into the socket a", and

thus allow the contents of the can M to flow into the tank E. By this simple arrangement, whenthe tank E is to be charged with the hydrocarbon, it is only necessary to invert one of the cans M filled with the liquid and screw its plug t into the socket a which will open the valves a t and allow the liquid to flow from the cans M into the tank. These cans M, charged with the hydrocarbons, will be placed at suitable intervals along the line of the railroads, so that the tanks E can be replenished when required.

The burner D may be connected directly to the pipe d instead of bci ng arranged with the gap between the nozzle d and the burner D, or any well-known form ofburner may he em ployed instead of said burner. I

Two of the lovers it may be used, one on each side of the joint F F instead of the lugs It h, or any other suitable form of easily-detachable lock-nnt mechanism may be employed.

Nis a small cylinder supported in any suit able manner from the body of the car and provided with a plunger, N connected by a cord or chain, 1', running over pulleys N to the ball K, so that the falling of the ball will draw the plunger upward and compress the air therein, and force a sudden current through a pipe, hi leading to a point adjacent to each of the lamps P in the car and extinguish them.

I have only shown one of the lamps P; but it will be readily understood that the pipe can be conducted to all the lamps in the car and extinguish them all at once. The cylinder N may be arranged so that. the plunger is forced downward or in any other direction, the results being the same.

Above the ball K is a ring, K through which all the cords leading therefrom pass, so that no matter in what direction the ball falls it will pull the cords and extinguish all the fires and lights in the car instantaneously.

Having described the construction and arrangement of my apparatus, I shall now describe its operation. Water is brought in through the pipe B from any source of supply, but preferably water impregnated with salt or other like material or with liquids, until the pipes B B, B and B are filled, the latter-named up to the dotted line a, Fig. l. Hydrocarbon is then permitted to flow through the pipe 01 from the tank E to the chamber 6, within and above the burners D D where it is ignited and vaporized, the vapor or gas thus produced pass- "ing from thence through the pipe d to the burner D, where it is ignited, heating the water in the generator B and causing it to expand and How up through the pipe B and, by reason of the air-cushion formed in the pipes B B and B",above the upper cross pipe or branch B the flow through the lower pipes 13 being cut ofi' by the cock therein, to pass through the upper cross pipe or branch,

B down pipe B, and around the coil B res turning to the generator through pipe B, where it is reheated and by the same means caused to pass continuously and rapidly through the circuit of piping, as described, thereby heating the'interior ot' the car or other structure, as required, the degree of heat being regulated by the hydrocarbon supply and its vaporization or burning by means of suitable cocks and valves. It will thus be seen that by the use of a small quantity of water, the pipes and other parts being tight, so as to prevent leakage, a car or other structure may be readily heated and its interior kept at any desired temperature. In case of an accident or collision, where the concussion is sufficient to displace the ball K and cause it to fall, the flow of the hydrocarbon, its vaporization, burning, and the generation of heat under the generator B are instantly cut oft and arrested and the lights extinguished by the means and in the manner hereinbefore described, and the tank containing the hydrocarbon-supply detached and permitted to roll off and away from the car, thus avoiding all danger, loss oflil'e, or destruction of property from either of said sources by burning. If the apparatus be used in a stationary structure, the same results may be secured by displacing the ball by hand or otherwise and allowing it to fall.

When steam is used as a medium for conducting heat, the generator B only is filled with water and heated, as above described.- As steam is generated it passes up into pipe B and may be conducted directly into the coils B by closing said pipe B by any suitable means above the lower branch B or it may pass through the pipes 13, B, and B into said coils B returning to the generator B through the pipe B either as steam or water, when it will be reheated or vaporized and caused to flow through the same system of pipes.

It will be understood that the production of steam, as well as the production of heat for its generation,-will and may be arrested in the same manner and by the same means employed as when water is used as the conducting medium.

I have illustrated my apparatus as employed in a car; but it will be understood that it may be used, and I contemplate-using it, in houses, stores, and other buildings, as well as in ships and vessels, or wherever heating is required.

I have provided inuny apparatus for the carrying of a fuel-supply and the production of fuel; but it will be understood that other fuel may be used instead of and in the place of the fuel which I provide.

As illustrated, theradiators consist of pipes; but it will be understood that other forms of radiators may be used, and especially when steam is employed as the heat-conducting medium.

Any suitable form of generator and any convenient form othydrocarbon vaporizer or conductor may be used instead of those illustrated.

I have illustrated means and mechanism for arresting the flow of hydrocarbon, its vaporization and burning, and the extinguishment of the lights, it' any; but it will be understood that other means and ways may be devised for accomplishing the same results.

I desire to have it understood that I do not limit myself to the specific means described and illustrated for accomplishing the results herein named for producing heat and arresting its production, or for extinguishing lights when an accident or severe concussion occurs in cars or other movable structures, as I claim that my invention covers any such means and ap pliances.

It is obvious that many changes may be made in the construction and operation of the apparatus described and illustrated without departing from the nature or principle of my invention.

Having thus described my'invention and its operation, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus for heating cars and other structures by water, the combination of a water-heater, heat-radiators, and intermediate pipes containing an air compression and expansion chamber near their tops "and provided with a cross pipe or branch below said chamber, whereby by the action of the air in IIO said chamber the circulation of the water through the radiators and back to the heater is assisted and facilitated, substantially as described.

2. In an apparatus forheating cars and other structures by water, the combination ofa Waterlieater, heat-radiators, and intermediate pipes containing an air compression and expansion chamber and having a branch or cross pipe beneath said chamber, the latter being watersealed at the point farthest from the entry therein and expulsion of the Water therefrom, wherein by the opposing action of the expanded or heated water and the compressed air caused by the expansion of the water the circulation of the heated water through the radiators and back to the heater is facilitated, substantially as described.

3. In an apparatus for heating cars and other structures, the combination, with a waterheater and heat-radiators, of intermediate pipes constructed and arranged to form an air-chamber between said water-heater and heat-radiators, whereby the circulation of the heated Water through the radiators and back to the heater is assisted and facilitated, substantially as described.

4. The combination, with a burner and a pipe leading thereto, of a detachable reservoir and devices for uniting said pipe and reservoir, and means for instantly disengaging said devices, substantially as described.

5. Ina heating apparatus for cars and other structures, a self-heating hydrocarbon-vaporizer and its cut-oft valve, in combination with a stationary bracket, a weight, and means for instantly closing said valve, substantially as described.

6. The combination of the hydrocarbon-receptacle, a burner, a heatgenerator, lamps or light-burners, a pipe connecting saidlamps or light-burners, and means for extinguishing the flame in the burner and in the lamps or light-burners, substantially as described.

7. The combination of a detachable hydrocarbon holder, a feed-pipe, a vaporizer, a vapor-burner having a valve, and means for automatically operating said valve and for detaching said holder, substantially as described.

8. The combination of the hydrocarbonholder E. the feed-pipe d, the burners D, D, and D the generator B, and the valves d' d,

with means for automatically operating said.

means for disconnecting said joints, whereby, when the latter are disengaged, said valves will automatically close, for the purpose set forth, substantially as described.

11. The combination of the hydrocarbon receptacle E. having the seat F, the feed-pipe (1', having the head F, provided with lugs h h for holding said joints together, the pivoted lever h, havinga high, at its upperend, the valves g 9 and means for operating said lever, substantially as described.

12. The combination of the burners, the hydrocarbon-holder E, and the f'eedpiipe d,pro vided with self-closing valves, the plunger g partially filling said feed-pipe, and means for disconnecting said holder and feedpipe, whereby, when the two latter are disengaged, said plunger will produce an upward suction through the feed-pipe and cause a sudden upward draft upon the liquid and gas and suddenly extinguish the lights of the burners, substantially as described.

13. The combination, with a ra ilway'car and a detachably-secured hydrocarbon holder or receptacle located outside of said car, of mechanism for automatically and instantly detaching or removing said receptacle, substantially as described.

14. The combination of the supply or filling can M, provided with a screw-plug, t, and the hydrocarbon-holder E, having a screw-socket, a", with the self-acting valves and a, provided With the stems t and a, and arranged within said filling-can and holder for the purpose stated, substantially as described.

15. In aheating apparatus for cars and other structures employing hydrocarbon-vapor fuel, the combination of heat-radiators, a generator, a vapor-burner, a hydrocarbon-vaporizcr, an automatically detachable and removable hydrocarbon holder, connecting pipes, and means for instantly cutting off the hydroearbon-supply and extinguishing the flame from the burner and the lights in the car or struct are, substantially as described.

16. In an apparatus for heati ng cars and other structures by water and hydrocarbon vapor, the combination of heat-radiators,a wate=r-heater,a vapor-burner, pipes connecting the heater and the radiators, one or more eross'pipes, and an air chamber between the heater and the radiators wherein by the compression and expansion of the air the passage of the Water is assisted or facilitated through the radiators and back to the heater, substantially as described.

17. In an apparatus for heat-ing cars and other structures, the combination of a water supply conduit, a water-heater or steam generator, a vapor-burner, a hydrocarbon-vaporizer, a spherical detachable and removable hydrocarbon holder having inlet and outlet openconnecting the waters-heater or steam-generator with said radiators, substantially as described.

18. In a portable apparatus for heating cars and other movahlestructurcs by Water or steam and hydrocarbouvapor fuel or gas, the combination of a watersupply conduit, a waterheater or steam-generator, a vapor or gas burner heat-radiators pipes connecting the water-heater or steam generator and theheatradiators, an air-chamber in the pipes between the water;hcater and the heat-radiators operating to assist the passage of the water through the radiators and back to the heater, a hydrocarbon-holder, a hydrocarbon-vaporizer, and means for instantly detaching and removing the hydrocarbon holderand arresting the prod notion of the vapor fuel or gas and for extinguishingtheflameand lightsiu such structures, substantially as described.

19. In an apparatus for heating cars and other structures by water or steam and vapor I fuel or gas, the combination, with the hydrocarbon-holders, the vapor-burner, and the light-extinguishing air-compressor and conduit, of a ball mounted on a sustaining-support, chains or cords connected with said ball passing through or over suitable guides between it and said holder, burner, and air cornpressor and conduit and connected thereto by mechanical means, whereby when said ball is dislodged from its support and falls said hydrocarbon-holder is detached from its connections and renderedeasily movable, the flow of hydrocarbon therefrom is cut off, and the flame in the vapor-burner and the lights are instantly extinguished.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY MASON YOUNG.

Witnesses:

O. W. VVOODWARD, H. B. \VEBs'rER. 

